The head and body are 2 3/4 to 4 1/8 long, with a tail length of 2 to 5 inches. Adult white-footed mice weigh about 1 ounce. Individuals are two-toned with grayish buff to deep reddish brown on top and a white belly, the underside of the tail is white and covered with short fur.

Litters of 2 to 5 young are typical, and females may have 2 to 4 litters per year. White-footed mice live longer than other mice at 2 to 3 years in the wild. These mice are nocturnal and build their nests in concealed locations, including abandoned nests of other animals and natural cavities. White-footed mice also seek shelter in buildings and vehicles. These mice are good climbers and easily reach the upper parts of buildings. Their diet consists of a wide variety of insects, seeds, fruits, and nuts.

White-footed and deer mice transmit viruses to people, including the one that causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). People catch this virus by inhaling dry airborne particles of infected mouse urine and feces. Hantavirus is a serious health risk to those exposed, as it has a fatality rate of 40 percent. White-footed and deer mice also damage food and furnishings. When they find nesting sites in unoccupied homes, campers, or unused vehicles, they can do considerable damage to furniture as they rip materials apart for nesting. Although rats and mice differ in many ways, keep in mind the many biological and behavioral traits they share. These are reasons for the success of rodents as well as factors that are important in their management.